![]() Paracrine factors secreted from these testicular somatic cells and endocrine factors support the proper spermatogenesis, closely communicating with each other. Other testicular somatic cells, including Leydig cells, peritubular myoid cells (PTMs), and immune cells are located at the interstitial space of a testis. The inside of seminiferous tubules is lined with Sertoli cells as the epithelial layer, and spermatogenesis takes place at the boundaries between adjacent Sertoli cells, and spermatozoa are released from the epithelial layer to the testicular lumen. The main testis component is seminiferous tubules that compose most of the testis. After the sex determination, a specialized structure of the testes forms (Figure 1). Which determine the developmental fate of the genital primordium to testes. In the male gonadal primordium, SRY, a transcription factor encoded by a gene on the Y chromosome, emerges at around E11.5‐12.0 in mice and 6 weeks of embryonic age in humans and activates the downstream genes necessary for testis development, They first emerge as genital primordia, a common ancestor of the testes and ovaries, from the mesonephros on approximately embryonic day (E) 10 in mice and at 4 weeks of embryonic age in humans.Īfter E10.5 in mice, primordial germ cells (PGCs) migrate to gonadal primordia, which is differentiated from proximal epiblast cells upon bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulation at around E6.5. The testes are male reproductive glands that support lifelong spermatogenesis.
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